Vietnamese dynasties refer to the various ruling families that governed Vietnam throughout its history. Notable dynasties include the Ly, Tran, and Nguyen dynasties, each contributing to the country's culture, politics, and economy. The Ly dynasty (1009-1225) is known for establishing the capital in Thang Long, while the Tran dynasty (1225-1400) is famous for repelling Mongol invasions. The Nguyen dynasty (1802-1945) was the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam, known for its efforts to modernize the country. Each dynasty left a lasting legacy, influencing Vietnamese traditions, architecture, and governance. These dynasties played a crucial role in shaping Vietnam's national identity.