The Nguyen Dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 1802 to 1945. Founded by Emperor Gia Long, it established its capital in Hue and sought to unify the country after centuries of division. The dynasty is known for its efforts to modernize Vietnam, including reforms in administration, education, and infrastructure. During its rule, the Nguyen Dynasty faced numerous challenges, including foreign invasions and internal strife. The dynasty's decline began in the late 19th century, leading to French colonization. Ultimately, the Nguyen Dynasty ended with the abdication of Emperor Bao Dai in 1945, marking a significant shift in Vietnam's history.