The Victorian period refers to the era in British history during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. This time was marked by significant industrial, cultural, and political changes, including the expansion of the British Empire and advancements in technology. The period saw the rise of the middle class and a focus on social reform, including movements for labor rights and women's suffrage. Literature flourished during the Victorian period, with notable authors such as Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, and Thomas Hardy producing influential works. The era is also known for its strict social norms and moral values, which shaped the lives of people and influenced art, fashion, and architecture.