Victor Emmanuel III was the King of Italy from 1900 to 1946. He was born on November 11, 1869, and became king after the assassination of his father, Umberto I. His reign saw significant events, including World War I and the rise of Fascism in Italy. During his rule, Victor Emmanuel III faced criticism for his support of Benito Mussolini and the Fascist regime. In 1943, he dismissed Mussolini, but by 1946, Italy became a republic, leading to his abdication. He died in exile in 1947, marking the end of the monarchy in Italy.