The Vichy regime refers to the government of France that existed from 1940 to 1944 during World War II. After France was defeated by Nazi Germany, the country was divided, with the northern part under German occupation and the southern part governed by the Vichy government, led by Marshal Philippe Pétain. This regime collaborated with the Nazis and implemented policies that included anti-Semitic laws and repression of political dissent. The Vichy regime was characterized by its authoritarian rule and attempts to promote traditional values, often referred to as the "National Revolution." It sought to distance itself from the democratic ideals of the Third Republic and emphasized nationalism and conservatism. The regime ended in 1944 when Allied forces liberated France, leading to the establishment of the Fourth Republic.