The Viceroys of Peru were the royal officials appointed by the Spanish crown to govern the vast territory of Peru during the colonial period. Established in the early 16th century, their primary role was to oversee the administration, economy, and justice system, ensuring that Spanish interests were maintained in the region. The first viceroy, Blasco Núñez Vela, was appointed in 1544. These viceroys played a crucial role in the expansion of Spanish influence in South America, managing resources like silver from the Potosí mines. They also dealt with local indigenous populations and European settlers, balancing power and implementing colonial policies until the independence movements of the early 19th century.