The Venezuelan Revolution refers to a series of political and social changes in Venezuela, primarily during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It is often associated with the rise of Hugo Chávez, who became president in 1999 and implemented socialist policies aimed at reducing poverty and inequality. His government nationalized key industries and expanded social programs, which garnered both support and criticism. The revolution also sparked significant political polarization within the country. Supporters praised the reforms for improving living conditions, while opponents argued that they led to economic mismanagement and authoritarianism. The ongoing challenges include economic crises, political unrest, and debates over the future direction of Venezuela's governance.