The Bolivarian Revolution refers to a political and social movement in Venezuela that began in the late 1990s, led by Hugo Chávez. It aimed to address issues like poverty and inequality by promoting socialist policies and increasing government control over key industries, particularly oil. Chávez sought to empower the poor and marginalized, using the country's oil wealth to fund social programs and education. This movement is named after Simón Bolívar, a 19th-century leader who fought for Latin American independence. The Bolivarian Revolution has sparked both support and criticism, with supporters praising its focus on social justice, while critics argue it has led to economic mismanagement and political repression.