Václav Havel was a Czech playwright, dissident, and politician who became the first President of the Czech Republic after its split from Czechoslovakia in 1993. Born on October 5, 1936, he was a prominent figure in the struggle against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, advocating for human rights and democracy. Before his presidency, Havel was known for his influential writings and activism, particularly during the Velvet Revolution of 1989, which peacefully ended communist rule. He served as President until 2003 and is remembered for his commitment to civil society and his role in promoting democratic values in Central Europe.