Urban expansion refers to the growth of cities as they spread into surrounding areas. This process often involves the development of new residential, commercial, and industrial spaces to accommodate increasing populations. Factors such as population growth, economic opportunities, and transportation improvements contribute to this phenomenon. As cities expand, they can lead to changes in land use, affecting natural habitats and agricultural land. Urban expansion can also create challenges, such as increased traffic congestion, pollution, and the need for better infrastructure. Effective planning is essential to manage these impacts and ensure sustainable development in growing urban areas.