Urartu was an ancient kingdom that existed from the 9th to the 6th centuries BCE, primarily located in the region that is now eastern Turkey, Armenia, and northwestern Iran. It was known for its advanced culture, impressive fortresses, and skilled metalwork. The kingdom's capital was Tushpa, situated near the modern city of Van. The Urartians spoke a unique language and practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping various gods and goddesses. They were also known for their conflicts with neighboring powers, such as the Assyrians. The decline of Urartu began in the 6th century BCE, leading to its eventual absorption into the Medes and other emerging empires.