Union avoidance refers to strategies and practices employed by employers to prevent the formation or growth of labor unions within their organizations. This can include various tactics such as improving working conditions, offering competitive wages, and fostering open communication with employees to address their concerns directly. Employers may also engage in union avoidance training for management to help them understand how to discourage unionization efforts. These strategies aim to maintain direct relationships with employees and minimize the influence of unions in workplace decisions and negotiations.