The Umayyad Conquest refers to the rapid expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. Under the leadership of caliphs like Umar ibn al-Khattab, Muslim armies spread across the Arabian Peninsula and into regions such as the Levant, North Africa, and parts of Iberia. This expansion was driven by a combination of military campaigns and the appeal of Islam. The Umayyads established a vast empire that facilitated trade and cultural exchange. Their conquests included significant battles, such as the Battle of Yarmouk in 636 CE, which secured control over the Byzantine territories. The Umayyad period marked a significant era in Islamic history, influencing religion, culture, and governance across the conquered lands.