A Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) is a system where electrons are confined to move in a two-dimensional plane, typically at the interface of two different materials. This confinement occurs in semiconductor structures, such as those made from gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide, allowing researchers to study electron behavior in a controlled environment. In a 2DEG, the electrons exhibit unique properties, such as high mobility and quantized energy levels, which are essential for applications in quantum computing and nanoelectronics. The study of 2DEGs helps scientists understand fundamental quantum phenomena and develop advanced electronic devices.