The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is a technique used for constructing tunnels. It emphasizes the importance of the surrounding rock or soil to support the tunnel structure. By using a combination of excavation and immediate support, NATM allows for flexible design and adaptation to varying geological conditions. NATM involves monitoring the tunnel's behavior during construction to ensure stability. This method often employs shotcrete, steel reinforcements, and other materials to provide immediate support. It is widely used in urban areas and for projects like subways and road tunnels, where minimizing surface disruption is crucial.