Tunneling machines, also known as Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs), are specialized equipment used to excavate tunnels through various types of soil and rock. They work by rotating a large, circular cutter head that breaks up the material in front of it. As the machine advances, it simultaneously installs tunnel lining segments to support the newly created tunnel. These machines are essential for constructing underground infrastructure, such as subways, water pipelines, and road tunnels. They can operate in challenging conditions, minimizing surface disruption and reducing the environmental impact of tunneling projects.