The tundra ecosystem is a cold, treeless region found primarily in the Arctic and Antarctic areas. It is characterized by short growing seasons, low temperatures, and limited precipitation, which results in a unique landscape of mosses, lichens, and low shrubs. The ground is often frozen, creating a layer called permafrost that affects plant growth and water drainage. Despite its harsh conditions, the tundra supports a variety of wildlife, including caribou, arctic foxes, and migratory birds. These animals have adapted to survive in the extreme climate, often relying on seasonal food sources. The tundra plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and biodiversity.