The tundra climate is characterized by extremely cold temperatures, minimal precipitation, and a short growing season. It is typically found in high-latitude regions, such as parts of Alaska, Canada, and Russia. The average temperature in summer rarely exceeds 10°C (50°F), while winter temperatures can drop below -30°C (-22°F). Vegetation in the tundra is limited to hardy plants like mosses, lichens, and low shrubs, which can survive the harsh conditions. The ground is often frozen, creating a layer called permafrost. This unique climate supports a variety of wildlife, including caribou, arctic foxes, and migratory birds.