Tuber melanosporum, commonly known as the black truffle, is a highly prized edible fungus found primarily in regions of southern Europe, particularly in France, Italy, and Spain. It grows underground in association with the roots of certain trees, such as oak and hazelnut. The black truffle is known for its distinct aroma and flavor, making it a sought-after ingredient in gourmet cuisine. This truffle species typically matures in the winter months, from November to March. Harvesting involves trained dogs or pigs that can detect the truffle's scent. Due to its rarity and the difficulty of cultivation, Tuber melanosporum is one of the most expensive fungi in the world.