The Tsardom of Bulgaria was a medieval state that existed from 681 to 1396. It emerged after the unification of various Slavic tribes and was established by the First Bulgarian Empire. The Tsardom played a significant role in the cultural and political development of the region, particularly during the reign of notable rulers like Boris I and Simeon I. During its height, the Tsardom expanded its territory and influence, becoming a center of Slavic culture and literacy. The introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet by the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius further solidified its cultural legacy. The Tsardom eventually fell under Ottoman rule, marking the end of its independence.