The Tsardom of Bulgaria was a medieval state that existed from the late 7th century until the late 14th century. It emerged after the unification of various Slavic tribes and was marked by the establishment of the first Bulgarian Empire in 681 AD. The Tsardom played a significant role in the cultural and political development of the Balkans, particularly during the reign of notable rulers like Boris I and Simeon I. The Tsardom reached its peak in the 10th century, becoming a major power in Europe. It was known for its achievements in literature, art, and the spread of Christianity. However, the empire faced invasions from the Byzantine Empire and eventually fell to the Ottomans in the late 14th century, leading to centuries of foreign rule.