The Treaty of Nanking was signed in 1842, marking the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of China. This treaty was significant as it was the first of the "unequal treaties" that favored Western powers over China. It required China to cede the territory of Hong Kong to Britain and open five ports to British trade. Additionally, the treaty imposed heavy reparations on China, including a payment of 21 million silver dollars. It also granted extraterritorial rights to British citizens, meaning they were subject to British law rather than Chinese law in these areas.