Transparent conductors are materials that allow light to pass through while also conducting electricity. They are essential in various applications, such as touchscreens, solar cells, and LED displays. Common examples include indium tin oxide (ITO) and graphene, which are used for their unique properties of transparency and electrical conductivity. These materials work by having a structure that permits light to transmit while maintaining a flow of electric current. The development of transparent conductors is crucial for advancing technologies in electronics and renewable energy, making them a key area of research in materials science.