Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCOs) are materials that conduct electricity while allowing light to pass through. They are commonly used in applications like touchscreens, solar cells, and flat-panel displays. TCOs are essential for creating efficient electronic devices that require both transparency and conductivity. The most widely used TCOs include indium tin oxide (ITO) and zinc oxide (ZnO). These materials are typically made by depositing thin films onto surfaces, which can be tailored for specific applications. Their unique properties make TCOs crucial in the development of advanced technologies in electronics and renewable energy.