Translation techniques are methods used by translators to convert text from one language to another while maintaining its meaning and context. Common techniques include literal translation, where words are translated directly, and transposition, which involves changing the order of words to fit the target language's grammar. Other techniques include modulation, which alters the perspective of the text, and equivalence, where a phrase is replaced with a culturally relevant expression in the target language. These techniques help ensure that the translated text is not only accurate but also resonates with the target audience. By employing various strategies, translators can address challenges such as idiomatic expressions, cultural nuances, and stylistic differences. Understanding these techniques is essential for effective communication across languages.