Transition metals are a group of elements found in the d-block of the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to form variable oxidation states and to create colored compounds. Common examples include iron, copper, and nickel. These metals are known for their good conductivity of electricity and heat, making them useful in various applications. These elements typically have high melting and boiling points, and they often exhibit magnetic properties. Transition metals play a crucial role in many industrial processes, including catalysis and the production of alloys. Their unique properties make them essential in fields like chemistry, engineering, and materials science.