Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. It is involved in various biological processes, including wound healing and tissue repair. TGF-β can influence the behavior of many cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and epithelial cells. TGF-β exists in three main isoforms: TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, each with distinct functions. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with several diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders. Understanding TGF-β's mechanisms can help develop targeted therapies for these conditions.