Transcriptomics is the study of the complete set of RNA molecules produced in a cell or organism at a specific time. This field focuses on understanding how genes are expressed and regulated, providing insights into cellular functions and responses to various conditions. By analyzing mRNA levels, researchers can determine which genes are active and how they contribute to biological processes. The techniques used in transcriptomics include RNA sequencing and microarrays, which allow scientists to measure the abundance of different RNA transcripts. This information is crucial for understanding diseases, developmental biology, and the effects of environmental changes on gene expression.