A Train Operating Company (TOC) is a business that provides passenger train services on specific routes within a country. These companies are responsible for the operation, maintenance, and management of trains, ensuring that they run on time and meet safety standards. In the UK, for example, TOCs operate under franchises awarded by the government. TOCs typically manage ticket sales, customer service, and onboard amenities. They may also collaborate with other transport services, such as bus companies and subway systems, to provide seamless travel options for passengers. Each TOC has its own branding and service offerings, catering to different travel needs.