Train Collision Avoidance refers to systems and technologies designed to prevent train accidents caused by collisions. These systems use various methods, such as sensors, cameras, and communication networks, to monitor train positions and speeds. When a potential collision is detected, the system can automatically slow down or stop the train, ensuring safety for passengers and crew. Modern railway networks increasingly implement Positive Train Control (PTC) as part of their collision avoidance strategies. PTC systems integrate GPS, onboard computers, and real-time data to track train movements. By providing timely alerts and automatic braking, these systems significantly reduce the risk of accidents on busy rail lines.