Railway signaling is a system used to control train traffic on railways, ensuring safety and efficiency. It involves various signals, such as lights and signs, that communicate to train operators when to stop, proceed, or slow down. These signals help prevent collisions and manage the flow of trains on the tracks. The main components of railway signaling include signal lights, track circuits, and interlocking systems. Signal lights indicate the status of the track ahead, while track circuits detect the presence of trains. Interlocking systems coordinate signals and switches to ensure that trains can safely navigate junctions and crossings.