Automatic Train Protection (ATP) is a safety system designed to prevent train accidents by automatically controlling train speed and movement. It monitors the train's position and speed in real-time, ensuring that it adheres to speed limits and signals. If a train exceeds a safe speed or approaches a red signal, the ATP system can intervene by applying the brakes. ATP systems are crucial for enhancing railway safety, especially in areas with high traffic or complex signaling. They work alongside other safety measures, such as Positive Train Control (PTC) and European Train Control System (ETCS), to create a comprehensive safety network for rail operations.