In mathematics and computer science, a topology is a way to describe the arrangement and properties of spaces. It focuses on how objects are connected or related to each other, rather than their specific shapes or distances. Different types of topologies can be used to analyze various structures, such as networks or geometric spaces. In the context of network topology, for example, it refers to the layout of different elements like nodes and connections. Common types include star, ring, and mesh topologies, each with unique characteristics that affect performance and reliability in communication systems.