Network topology refers to the arrangement of different elements in a computer network. It defines how devices, such as computers and routers, are connected and how they communicate with each other. Common types of network topologies include star, ring, bus, and mesh, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Understanding network topology is essential for designing efficient networks. It helps in identifying potential issues, optimizing performance, and ensuring reliable communication. By analyzing the layout, network administrators can make informed decisions about upgrades, troubleshooting, and overall network management.