Algebraic Topology is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of topological spaces through algebraic methods. It focuses on understanding how shapes can be transformed and classified using algebraic structures, such as groups and rings. This field helps mathematicians analyze spaces that may be complex or abstract by simplifying them into manageable algebraic forms. One of the key concepts in Algebraic Topology is the fundamental group, which captures information about the loops in a space. Other important tools include homology and cohomology theories, which provide ways to measure and compare the features of different topological spaces.