Thread management refers to the process of creating, scheduling, and terminating threads within a computer program. Threads are the smallest units of processing that can be scheduled by an operating system, allowing multiple tasks to run concurrently. Effective thread management ensures that system resources are utilized efficiently, improving overall performance and responsiveness. In programming, thread management involves using various techniques and tools to control how threads operate. This includes synchronization mechanisms, such as mutexes and semaphores, to prevent conflicts when multiple threads access shared resources. Proper thread management is crucial for developing robust and scalable applications.