Thirumalai Nayak was a 17th-century king of the Nayak dynasty in southern India, known for his significant contributions to architecture and culture. He ruled from 1623 to 1659 and is best remembered for the construction of the Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, a grand palace in Madurai that showcases a blend of Indian and Islamic architectural styles. The palace features impressive pillars, intricate carvings, and expansive courtyards, reflecting the artistic achievements of the Nayak period. Thirumalai Nayak's reign also saw advancements in the arts, including music and dance, which flourished under his patronage, leaving a lasting legacy in Tamil Nadu.