The Third French Republic was established in 1870 after the fall of the Second French Empire. It lasted until 1940, making it one of the longest-lasting republics in France. The government was characterized by a parliamentary system and faced numerous challenges, including political instability, economic issues, and social unrest. During its existence, the Third Republic saw significant events such as the Dreyfus Affair, which highlighted issues of anti-Semitism and injustice in France. It also experienced the rise of various political movements, including socialism and nationalism, and played a crucial role in shaping modern French identity and culture.