Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria that thrives in hot environments, particularly in hot springs and geothermal areas. It was first discovered in the 1960s in Yellowstone National Park, USA. This bacterium is notable for its ability to survive and reproduce at temperatures around 70°C (158°F), making it a model organism for studying extremophiles. One of the most significant contributions of Thermus aquaticus to science is the enzyme Taq polymerase, which is used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR is essential for amplifying DNA, making it a crucial tool in molecular biology, genetics, and forensic science. The heat-stable nature of Taq polymerase allows it to function effectively even at high temperatures during the PCR process.