Thermal energy conversion is the process of transforming heat energy into other forms of energy, such as mechanical or electrical energy. This is commonly achieved through various methods, including steam turbines, which use heat to produce steam that drives a turbine, or thermoelectric generators, which convert temperature differences directly into electricity. This conversion is essential in many applications, including power plants and engines. For instance, in fossil fuel power plants, burning coal or natural gas generates heat, which is then converted into electricity. Similarly, geothermal energy harnesses heat from the Earth to produce power, showcasing the versatility of thermal energy conversion.