The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant change that began in the late 18th century, primarily in Great Britain. It marked the transition from hand production methods to machines, leading to the growth of factories and mass production. This shift allowed for faster and more efficient manufacturing of goods, transforming economies and societies. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, urbanization increased as people moved to cities for work. Innovations such as the steam engine and spinning jenny improved productivity. This era also brought about changes in labor, with many people working long hours in challenging conditions, ultimately leading to labor reforms.