The Great Famine, which occurred from 1845 to 1852, was a devastating period in Ireland marked by widespread starvation and disease. The primary cause was a potato blight, known as Phytophthora infestans, that destroyed potato crops, which were a staple food for the population. The British government's inadequate response exacerbated the crisis, leading to the death of approximately one million people and the emigration of another million. The famine had significant social and economic impacts on Irish society. Many families lost their homes and livelihoods, leading to increased poverty and social unrest. The Great Famine also influenced Irish nationalism and the push for independence, as it highlighted the failures of British rule and the need for reform in agricultural policies.