The Constitution of May 3, 1791 was a significant legal document in Poland-Lithuania, marking the first modern constitution in Europe. It aimed to reform the political system by establishing a constitutional monarchy, reducing the power of the nobility, and enhancing the rights of the common people. The constitution sought to create a more balanced government and promote civic equality. Adopted on May 3, 1791, the constitution introduced various progressive changes, including the separation of powers and the protection of individual rights. However, it faced opposition from neighboring countries and internal factions, leading to its eventual repeal after the Second Partition of Poland in 1793.