"The Anarchy" refers to a period of civil war and political instability in England during the early 12th century, specifically from 1135 to 1154. It was marked by a struggle for the English throne between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, the daughter of King Henry I. This conflict arose after Henry's death, as both claimed the right to rule, leading to widespread chaos and lawlessness. During this time, various nobles and barons took advantage of the situation, engaging in battles and seizing lands. The lack of a strong central authority resulted in a breakdown of order, with many regions experiencing violence and disruption. The conflict ultimately ended with the ascension of Henry II, Matilda's son, restoring stability to the kingdom.