King Stephen was a monarch of England who reigned from 1135 to 1154. He was born in 1092 and was a grandson of William the Conqueror. His reign is often marked by a period of civil war known as the Anarchy, which arose from disputes over the throne following the death of his uncle, Henry I. Stephen's rule faced challenges from rival claimants, particularly Empress Matilda, Henry I's daughter. Despite his initial success in securing the crown, his inability to maintain control led to widespread conflict and instability in England. His reign ended when he agreed to recognize Matilda's son, Henry II, as his successor.