Tetraoninae is a subfamily of birds within the family Phasianidae, commonly known as grouse. These birds are primarily found in the northern regions of the world, including parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Tetraoninae species are characterized by their robust bodies, short tails, and strong legs, which are adapted for life in forested and open habitats. They are known for their unique mating displays and vocalizations, especially during the breeding season. Members of the Tetraoninae subfamily include well-known species such as the ruffed grouse, sage-grouse, and ptarmigan. These birds are typically ground-dwelling and are known for their camouflaged plumage, which helps them blend into