A testicular biopsy is a medical procedure used to remove a small sample of tissue from one or both testicles. This procedure is often performed to diagnose conditions such as infertility, tumors, or infections. The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities. The biopsy can be done using different techniques, including fine needle aspiration or an open surgical approach. Patients may receive local or general anesthesia, depending on the method used. After the procedure, some discomfort or swelling may occur, but most individuals can return to normal activities within a few days.