Tephritidae is a family of flies commonly known as fruit flies. They are characterized by their distinctive wing patterns and are often found in association with various fruits and plants. Many species within this family are known for their role as pests, as their larvae can infest and damage crops, leading to significant agricultural losses. These flies are important in ecological studies and pest management. Some species, like the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), are notorious for their impact on fruit production. Understanding Tephritidae helps in developing strategies to control their populations and protect agricultural resources.