The Mediterranean fruit fly, or Ceratitis capitata, is a small insect known for its impact on agriculture. It primarily targets fruits such as peaches, plums, and citrus, laying eggs inside the fruit. The larvae then feed on the fruit, causing significant damage and economic loss. This pest is native to Africa but has spread to many parts of the world, including California and Australia. Control methods include traps, biological control agents, and the use of sterile insect techniques to reduce its population and protect crops from infestation.