Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are specialized hardware accelerators designed by Google to efficiently perform machine learning tasks. They are optimized for handling large-scale computations, particularly those involved in training and running deep learning models. TPUs can significantly speed up the processing of data compared to traditional CPUs and GPUs. These units are particularly effective for operations involving tensors, which are multi-dimensional arrays used in machine learning. TPUs are commonly used in Google Cloud services, enabling developers to build and deploy AI applications more quickly and cost-effectively. Their architecture allows for high throughput and low latency, making them ideal for complex algorithms.